Amin Loksewa Mock Test - 50 Survey Past Questions with Explanations ?

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50 High-Yield Past Year MCQs | Essential Practice for Land Survey Candidates

1. The primary object of surveying is to produce a:

A. Map B. Field book C. Contour line D. Level book

Correct Answer: A. Map
Explanation: The fundamental purpose of surveying is to acquire data in the field to represent the relative positions of objects on a paper or digital plane in the form of a map or plan.

2. Surveying which takes into consideration the curvature of the earth is called:

A. Plane surveying B. Geodetic surveying C. Topographical surveying D. Cadastral surveying

Correct Answer: B. Geodetic surveying
Explanation: Geodetic surveying accounts for the ellipsoidal shape and curvature of the earth and is executed for high-precision large-area networks. Plane surveying assumes the earth is flat.

3. The survey executed to determine the boundaries of fields, houses, and properties is known as:

A. City survey B. Topographical survey C. Cadastral survey D. Marine survey

Correct Answer: C. Cadastral survey
Explanation: Cadastral surveying directly handles land ownership boundaries, land registration, and legal property limits, which forms the core duty of an Amin in Nepal.

4. What is the length of a standard Gunter's chain?

A. 100 feet B. 66 feet C. 33 feet D. 50 feet

Correct Answer: B. 66 feet
Explanation: A Gunter's chain is exactly 66 feet long and is divided into 100 links. It is highly convenient for land area calculations because 10 square chains equal 1 acre.

5. A total of how many links are found in a standard 20-meter metric chain?

A. 100 B. 150 C. 200 D. 50

Correct Answer: A. 100
Explanation: In a 20m metric chain, each link is 20 cm ($0.2\text{m}$) long. Therefore, $\frac{20\text{m}}{0.2\text{m}} = 100 \text{ links}$. A 30m chain contains 150 links.

6. The brass tallies in a metric chain are provided at every interval of:

A. 1 meter B. 2 meters C. 5 meters D. 10 meters

Correct Answer: C. 5 meters
Explanation: Tallies are attached at every 5-meter interval in metric chains to facilitate quick reading of fractional distances during field measurements.

7. Which of the following instruments is used to set out a right angle (90 degrees) from a chain line?

A. Line Ranger B. Optical Square C. Clinometer D. Alidade

Correct Answer: B. Optical Square
Explanation: Cross-staffs, optical squares, and prism squares are standard instruments utilized for setting out perpendicular offsets ($90^\circ$). A Line Ranger is used to locate intermediate points on a line.

8. The index glass and horizon glass of an optical square are fixed at an angle of:

A. 30° B. 45° C. 60° D. 90°

Correct Answer: B. 45°
Explanation: According to the optical principle of double reflection, a ray reflected twice from two mirrors turns by twice the angle between the mirrors. To get a $90^\circ$ turn, the mirrors must be set exactly at $45^\circ$.

9. Obstacle to chaining but not to ranging is encountered when surveying across a:

A. Building B. Hill C. River D. Dense jungle

Correct Answer: C. River
Explanation: You can see across a river (no obstacle to ranging), but you cannot stretch the chain across the water directly without geometry or special methods (obstacle to chaining). A building is an obstacle to both.

10. The Whole Circle Bearing (WCB) system matches measurements taken with a:

A. Surveyor's Compass B. Prismatic Compass C. Theodolite only D. Clinometer

Correct Answer: B. Prismatic Compass
Explanation: A Prismatic Compass reads bearings using the Whole Circle Bearing system ($0^\circ \text{ to } 360^\circ$) from North. A Surveyor's Compass measures via the Quadrantal Bearing (QB) or Reduced Bearing (RB) system.

11. If the Whole Circle Bearing of a line is 270°, its Quadrantal Bearing is:

A. N 90° W B. S 90° W C. West D. N 270° W

Correct Answer: C. West
Explanation: A WCB of $270^\circ$ points exactly along the western axis line. In standard compass conventions, it is simply noted as West (or conceptually $90^\circ$ away from North or South toward West).

12. The difference between the Fore Bearing (FB) and Back Bearing (BB) of a line free from local attraction must be:

A. 90° B. 180° C. 270° D. 360°

Correct Answer: B. 180°
Explanation: The relationship between back bearing and fore bearing is $\text{BB} = \text{FB} \pm 180^\circ$. If the stations are completely clear of local magnetic disturbance, their difference is exactly $180^\circ$.

13. Local attraction in compass surveying is caused by the proximity of:

A. Deep water bodies B. Magnetic materials or iron structures C. Non-magnetic metals D. Dense timber lands

Correct Answer: B. Magnetic materials or iron structures
Explanation: Proximity to steel structures, power lines, iron rails, or magnetic rock deposits distorts the local magnetic field line and causes error in compass needles known as local attraction.

14. The magnetic meridian changes continuously over time. This slow variation occurring over centuries is called:

A. Diurnal variation B. Secular variation C. Annual variation D. Irregular variation

Correct Answer: B. Secular variation
Explanation: Secular variation follows a long, swing-like periodic pattern spanning hundreds of years. Diurnal variation happens daily, and annual variation happens yearly.

15. An imaginary line joining points of equal magnetic declination is termed an:

A. Isogonic line B. Agonic line C. Isoclinic line D. Aclinic line

Correct Answer: A. Isogonic line
Explanation: Isogonic lines connect points of equal magnetic declination. Agonic lines pass through points with zero declination. Isoclinic lines connect points of equal magnetic dip.

16. The value of magnetic dip at the earth's equator is equal to:

A. 0° B. 45° C. 90° D. 180°

Correct Answer: A. 0°
Explanation: The magnetic needle lies completely horizontal at the equator ($0^\circ \text{ dip}$) and points straight down vertically at the magnetic poles ($90^\circ \text{ dip}$).

17. In plane table surveying, the operation performed to ensure the plotting lines run parallel to corresponding field lines is:

A. Centering B. Leveling C. Orientation D. Sighting

Correct Answer: C. Orientation
Explanation: Orientation is the process of keeping the table parallel to positions it occupied at previous stations. It is critical for maintaining directional consistency across layouts.

18. The "Three-Point Problem" in plane table work is primarily a method of:

A. Radiation B. Intersection C. Resection and orientation D. Traversing

Correct Answer: C. Resection and orientation
Explanation: Two-point and Three-point problems are specialized resection techniques used to locate and orient an unknown station on the map by observing known control locations.

19. Lehmann's rules are applied to solve errors quickly in which plane tabling approach?

A. Two-point problem B. Trial and error method of Three-point problem C. Bessel's graphical approach D. Radiation method

Correct Answer: B. Trial and error method of Three-point problem
Explanation: Lehmann's rules govern the estimation steps during the trial-and-error method to minimize the triangle of error and find the correct station point.

20. The first staff reading taken from a level instrument after setting up at a new position is always a:

A. Foresight (FS) B. Intermediate sight (IS) C. Backsight (BS) D. Reduced level (RL)

Correct Answer: C. Backsight (BS)
Explanation: Backsight is the first observation taken after setting up the instrument, typically targeted at a benchmark point of known elevation to determine the height of the instrument line.

21. Height of Instrument (HI) in leveling is calculated using which formula?

A. $\text{RL} - \text{BS}$ B. $\text{RL} + \text{BS}$ C. $\text{RL} + \text{FS}$ D. $\text{BS} + \text{FS}$

Correct Answer: B. $\text{RL} + \text{BS}$
Explanation: The absolute line elevation (Height of Instrument) is equal to the Reduced Level ($\text{RL}$) of the benchmark point plus the backsight ($\text{BS}$) reading taken on it.

22. The Rise and Fall method of leveling provides complete mathematical checks on:

A. Backsights and Foresights only B. Intermediate sights also C. Height of instrument values D. Benchmarks only

Correct Answer: B. Intermediate sights also
Explanation: The Rise and Fall method checks all readings including Intermediate Sights ($\text{IS}$), making it more thorough than the Height of Instrument method, which does not check $\text{IS}$ calculations directly.

23. Combined correction for curvature and refraction for a distance of D kilometers is given by:

A. $0.0785 D^2$ B. $0.0673 D^2$ C. $0.0112 D^2$ D. $0.577 D^2$

Correct Answer: B. $0.0673 D^2$
Explanation: Curvature correction is $-0.0785 D^2$ and refraction correction is $+0.0112 D^2$. Combining them results in a net subtractive value of $-0.0673 D^2 \text{ meters}$.

24. Reciprocal leveling eliminates errors due to:

A. Earth's curvature and refraction completely B. Collimation error completely C. Both curvature, refraction, and collimation defects D. Mistaking staff divisions

Correct Answer: C. Both curvature, refraction, and collimation defects
Explanation: By taking level setups on both sides of an obstacle (like a wide river gorge), reciprocal leveling mathematically cancels out line-of-sight collimation tilt, atmospheric refraction, and earth curvature errors.

25. An imaginary line joining points of equal elevation on the earth's surface is a:

A. Contour line B. Level line C. Horizontal line D. Isobar

Correct Answer: A. Contour line
Explanation: Contour lines join points of identical reduced level above a reference datum. They serve as the primary tool to show land topography on 2D paper maps.

26. Closely spaced contour lines on a map indicate a:

A. Flat plain terrain B. Gentle slope C. Steep slope D. Uniform slope

Correct Answer: C. Steep slope
Explanation: When contour rings or lines lie tightly near one another, it shows elevation changes rapidly over a short horizontal distance, indicating steep terrain. Wide spacing shows gentle slopes.

27. Contour lines of different elevations can cross each other only in the case of a/an:

A. Vertical cliff B. Overhanging cliff C. Deep valley ridge D. Saddle path

Correct Answer: B. Overhanging cliff
Explanation: Contour lines cannot cross except in the rare case of an overhanging cliff or cave system. For a vertical cliff face, they merge to form a single line.

28. A series of closed contour lines with higher values inside the center indicates a:

A. Depression or pond B. Hillock or mountain peak C. Level playground D. Vertical wall shaft

Correct Answer: B. Hillock or mountain peak
Explanation: Concentric closed contours increasing in value inward indicate a hill peak. If values decrease toward the inner core rings, it represents a depression or pond.

29. The Representative Fraction (RF) for a map scale of 1 cm = 50 meters is:

A. 1/50 B. 1/500 C. 1/5000 D. 1/50000

Correct Answer: C. 1/5000
Explanation: To compute RF, keep units identical on both sides: $50 \text{ m} = 50 \times 100 \text{ cm} = 5000 \text{ cm}$. Thus, $\text{RF} = 1:5000$.

30. Which scale is used to read three consecutive dimensions (e.g., meter, decimeter, and centimeter)?

A. Plain scale B. Diagonal scale C. Vernier scale D. Comparative scale

Correct Answer: B. Diagonal scale
Explanation: Plain scales can display up to two consecutive units. Diagonal scales use similar triangle principles to represent three successive units or fractional parts down to two decimal places.

31. In Nepal, Cadastral Maps have been standardly prepared using which system scales for agricultural zones?

A. 1:2500 or 1:1250 B. 1:50000 C. 1:100000 D. 1:5000

Correct Answer: A. 1:2500 or 1:1250
Explanation: Nepalese land administration widely uses 1:2500 and 1:1250 scales for rural and semi-urban agricultural sheets. High-value dense plots are mapped at 1:500.

32. The process of turning the telescope of a theodolite in a vertical plane about its horizontal axis by 180° is called:

A. Swinging B. Transiting (or Plunging) C. Centering D. Levelling

Correct Answer: B. Transiting (or Plunging)
Explanation: Transiting, plunging, or reversing means rotating the telescope $180^\circ$ around the horizontal axis in a vertical plane. Swinging refers to rotating it in a horizontal plane.

33. To remove parallax error in a survey telescope, which operation sequence must be followed?

A. Focusing the objective first, then the eyepiece B. Focusing the eyepiece for sharp crosshairs, then the objective C. Adjusting levelling screws D. Moving the tripod layout stands

Correct Answer: B. Focusing the eyepiece for sharp crosshairs, then the objective
Explanation: Parallax occurs when the image of an object does not fall exactly on the plane of the crosshairs. It is eliminated by focusing the eyepiece for distinct crosshair visibility and then adjusting the objective lens screw to resolve the target image.

34. 1 Bigha of land area in Terai province contains how many Kattha?

A. 10 Kattha B. 20 Kattha C. 30 Kattha D. 40 Kattha

Correct Answer: B. 20 Kattha
Explanation: Under traditional measurement standards in Nepal, 1 Bigha equals 20 Kattha, and 1 Kattha is equivalent to 20 Dhur.

35. In the hilly regions of Nepal, 1 Ropani is subdivided into:

A. 16 Ana B. 20 Ana C. 4 Kanwa D. 20 Kattha

Correct Answer: A. 16 Ana
Explanation: In the hill measurement system (including Kathmandu valley), 1 Ropani equals 16 Ana. Furthermore, 1 Ana is divided into 4 Paisa, and 1 Paisa equals 4 Dam.

36. The size of a plane table board standardly utilized in general topographical mapping is:

A. $30\text{cm} \times 30\text{cm}$ B. $60\text{cm} \times 75\text{cm}$ C. $100\text{cm} \times 100\text{cm}$ D. $45\text{cm} \times 45\text{cm}$

Correct Answer: B. $60\text{cm} \times 75\text{cm}$
Explanation: The standard rectangular size for a conventional plane table mapping board is $60\text{cm} \times 75\text{cm}$.

37. An accurate instrument used for measuring area directly from plotted maps is the:

A. Clinometer B. Planimeter C. Pantagraph D. Passometer

Correct Answer: B. Planimeter
Explanation: A planimeter is a mechanical or digital instrument used to calculate the area of any irregular shape by tracing its perimeter boundary on paper. A pantagraph is used for map enlargement or reduction.

38. In leveling works, a relatively permanent point of reference whose elevation is known is called a:

A. Change Point B. Benchmark (BM) C. Station Point D. Datum Line

Correct Answer: B. Benchmark (BM)
Explanation: A benchmark is a fixed object of known height used as a reference point for leveling surveys.

39. The closing error of a closed traverse loop can be adjusted graphically using:

A. Bowditch's Rule B. Transit Rule C. Simpson's Rule D. Prismoidal formula

Correct Answer: A. Bowditch's Rule
Explanation: Bowditch's Rule (compass rule) balances linear and angular errors across a traverse loop, and it can be applied directly via graphical construction techniques.

40. The working principle of "working from whole to part" is preferred because it:

A. Saves time and labor expenses B. Localizes errors and prevents accumulation of mistakes C. Ensures local fieldbooks remain neat D. Allows large scales to be used

Correct Answer: B. Localizes errors and prevents accumulation of mistakes
Explanation: Establishing a high-accuracy main control framework first ensures that localized errors do not expand or accumulate into larger errors as minor details are filled in.

41. Land Measurement and Survey Act of Nepal was enacted in which Bikram Sambat year?

A. 2016 B.S. B. 2019 B.S. C. 2028 B.S. D. 2034 B.S.

Correct Answer: B. 2019 B.S.
Explanation: The 'जग्गा (नाप जाँच) ऐन, २०१९' (Land Measurement and Survey Act, 2019 B.S.) provides the primary legal foundation for all cadastral surveying, land classification, and parcel mapping activities in Nepal.

42. Hypotenusal allowance correction added per chain length ($L$) on a ground slope angle of $\theta$ is:

A. $L(\sec\theta - 1)$ B. $L(1 - \cos\theta)$ C. $L\tan\theta$ D. $L\sin\theta$

Correct Answer: A. $L(\sec\theta - 1)$
Explanation: When chaining on a slope, the measured distance along the incline is longer than the horizontal projection. The compensation added per chain is $L(\sec\theta - 1)$.

43. The line of sight of a correctly adjusted leveling instrument reflects a line completely:

A. Horizontal B. Vertical C. Curved along the earth line D. Inclined at 45°

Correct Answer: A. Horizontal
Explanation: The line of collimation must remain completely horizontal and perpendicular to the vertical axis once the level bubble tube is centered.

44. A plumbing bob is used in chain surveying to ensure accurate:

A. Horizontal ranging B. Transfer of points onto ground or centering layouts C. Line-of-sight focusing D. Tape tension maintenance

Correct Answer: B. Transfer of points onto ground or centering layouts
Explanation: Plumb bobs help project a precise point vertically from an elevated position down onto the ground surface, which is essential for step chaining on slopes and centering instruments.

45. During chain surveying operations, the person who drags the chain forward and sets out arrows is the:

A. Follower B. Leader C. Recorder D. Surveyor

Correct Answer: B. Leader
Explanation: The leader pulls the chain forward under direction, while the follower stays at the rear station point to guide the alignment and collect inserted arrows.

46. The structural boundary lines representing a valley run can be identified on contour maps by V-shaped patterns pointing:

A. Toward higher elevation contours B. Toward lower elevation contours C. Parallel to ridge lines D. Outward in concentric loops

Correct Answer: A. Toward higher elevation contours
Explanation: Valley line contours form V-shapes that point toward higher elevation values (upstream). Ridge line contour V-shapes point toward lower elevations.

47. Total Station systems combine electron distance measurement devices with a digital:

A. Plane Table B. Theodolite C. Dumpy Level D. Hand Level

Correct Answer: B. Theodolite
Explanation: A Total Station is an electronic transit instrument that integrates an electronic theodolite, an electronic distance meter (EDM), and a microprocessor system to log data automatically.

48. Permanent adjustments of a level are performed to correct defects involving:

A. Tripod stability B. Fixed internal structural relationships of instrument axes C. Parallax variance due to user vision changes D. Levelling bubble shifts at every station setup

Correct Answer: B. Fixed internal structural relationships of instrument axes
Explanation: Temporary adjustments (setup, leveling, focusing) are done at every station. Permanent adjustments correct internal alignment issues among the telescope axes, bubble tube, and line of sight.

49. The standard unit "1 Kattha" in traditional system metrics is exactly equivalent to:

A. 10 Dhur B. 20 Dhur C. 16 Ana D. 4 Paisa

Correct Answer: B. 20 Dhur
Explanation: Just as 20 Kattha makes 1 Bigha, 20 Dhur forms 1 Kattha in the Terai land metrics system of Nepal.

50. Field books are standardly formatted for registration using linear data tracking columns configured as either:

A. Single line or double line layouts B. Triple line grid systems C. Circular track sectors D. Diagonal projection forms

Correct Answer: A. Single line or double line layouts
Explanation: Field books for chain surveying are available in single-line formats (for large-scale, detailed work) or double-line formats (for routine long-line routing).

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